The atlas can be used MRIcron, which is an image viewer written by Chris Rorden and which is freely available for Linux, Windows, and Mac OS X.The atlas for MRICroN is available for: MNI space, using FLIRT alignment to the MNI152-brain-only template (ATLAS = MNIflirt).
The cerebellum is a functionally highly diverse structure: Different regions have their unique pattern of connectivity with the neocortex, and therefore likely a specialized functional role. To promote accurate anatomical reference for human functional and anatomical imaging studies, we present here a probabilistic atlas of the cerebellar lobules in the space defined by the MNI152 template. The anatomical definitions are based on the fMRI atlas of an individual cerebellum by Schmahmann et al. (2000). To obtain a representative anatomical atlas, we annotated the lobules on T1-weighted MRI scans (1mm isotropic resolution) of 20 individual healthy young participants (10 male, 10 female, average age 23.7 yrs). Using a different set of 23 participants, we also identified the location of the deep cerebellar nuclei. The individual cerebella were then aligned using different commonly used normalization algorithms.
The resultant probabilistic maps allow for the valid assignment of functional activations to specific cerebellar lobules and the nuclei, while providing a quantitative measure of the certainty of such assignments. Furthermore, maximum probability maps derived from these atlases can be used to define regions of interest (ROIs, more on this here). The atlas is included in the newer releases of FSL and the Anatomy toolbox. More versions of the atlases for use with MRIcron or AFNI are also available here.
The resultant probabilistic maps allow for the valid assignment of functional activations to specific cerebellar lobules and the nuclei, while providing a quantitative measure of the certainty of such assignments. Furthermore, maximum probability maps derived from these atlases can be used to define regions of interest (ROIs, more on this here). The atlas is included in the newer releases of FSL and the Anatomy toolbox. More versions of the atlases for use with MRIcron or AFNI are also available here.
Please cite the atlas as:
- Diedrichsen J., Balster J.H., Flavell J., Cussans E., Ramnani N. (2009). A probabilistic MR atlas of the human cerebellum. Neuroimage.
- Diedrichsen J., Maderwald S., K�per M., Th�rling M., Rabe K., Gizewski ER, Ladd M, Timmann D (2011). Imaging the deep cerebellar nuclei:A probabilistic atlas and normalization procedure. Neuroimage.
The generation of the atlas was supported by a Grant by the National Science foundation (NSF) - BSC 0726685.
- Introduction MRIcro is a small program that runs on Apple OSX for viewing the NIfTI format of medical images popular with scientists (medical DICOM images can be converted to NIfTI using tools like my free dcm2nii).This software can be used to inspect images from many different modalities including Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT, CT), Positron Emission.
- Read 13 answers by scientists with 23 recommendations from their colleagues to the question asked by Shai Porat on Jan 8, 2014.
Why a probabilistic anatomical atlas?
Individual brains are often normalized to MNI-space, and activation foci from group analysis assigned to cerebellar lobules using the a standard atlas (Schmahmann et al., 2000). Our analysis shows that such assignments can be incorrect (often by as much as a full lobule) for up to 2/3 of cerebellar voxels for some normalisation methods. There are two reasons for this:
These problems stress the importance of a representative atlas and of good correspondence between the normalization method used for the atlas and for the group analysis. For this reason we provide the atlas generated with a number of different normalization methods. |
The probabilistic atlas also provides a measure of the certainty with with anatomical assignments can be made. The image shows the proportion of the 20 individuals that overlapped with the same lobule in atlas space. We generated the atlas for:
The overlap in SUIT (A) often reaches 100% whereas the overlap using affine methods (FLIRT, B) is somewhat poorer. |
The left figure shows the percent overlap between different lobules after normalization.Newer non-linear methods (Segmentation in SPM, FNIRT) lead to a good correspondence and to relatively high accuracies. Cerebellum-only normalization with SUIT leads to the best overlap. Thus, for new imaging studies of the cerebellum we would strong recommend one of the newer non-linear methods, or ideally the use of SUIT. For the interpretation of older results (for example for meta-analyses of cerebellar imaging results), we also make the atlas for the SPM nonlinear normalization also available. |
In collaboration with Prof. Timmann from the University of Duisburg-Essen we also imaged the deep cerebellar nuclei in a set of 23 separate subjects at 7T, using susceptibility-weighted imaging. The dentate, emboliform, globose and fastigial nuclei play an important part of the cerebellar circuit, as the relay all output of the cerebellum. In the latest versions of the probabilistic atlas we provide probabilistic ROIs for the dentate, the interposed (emboliform and globose) and fastigial nuclei. Note that given the small size of the cerebellar nuclei, the overlap is relatively poor even after SUIT normalization. For studies of these structures, we therefore recommend spatial normalization using a dentate ROI. |
The Atlas for FSL View
The atlas can be used with the Atlas Widget in FSLView, part of the FSL package. The atlas for FSLView is available for
The FLIRT and FNIRT versions are already included in newer distributions of FSL. The lobular assignment is approximately spatially unbiased in these atlases, however the maximal probabilities after SUIT alignment is in general higher. To install the atlas(es)
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The Atlas for MRICroN
The atlas can be used MRIcron, which is an image viewer written by Chris Rorden and which is freely available for Linux, Windows, and Mac OS X.The atlas for MRICroN is available for:
The necessary files (Maximum-probabiliy-map, size of maximum probability, full probability maps, color map (lut) and text files are all included. To use MRICroN to look up probabilities
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The Atlas for Anatomy Toolbox in SPM
The atlas is now included in the Anatomy toolbox, which was developed S. Eickhoff and colleagues. For the generation of the maps, we used the Segementation and Normalisation algorithm in SPM5/8. To make the maps fit with the rest of the toolbox, they were then warped into the space defined by the Colin-brain. |
The Atlas for AFNI
Thanks to Daniel Glen, the atlas is now also available for the AFNI whereAmI atlas GUI. Note that any atlas that has a reachable space is queried, so atlases that are in Talairach or MNI_ANAT space are shown there also. The whereAmI output is continuously updated as the user moves the cross-hair in the viewer, so the information is quite interactive. The command line version of whereAmI shows similar information. The command 'whereami -show_atlases' gives this relevant output. To use, please download SUIT for AFNI to a new directory and untar with tar -xzvf AFNI_SUITCerebellum.tgz and then add this directory to be searched in AFNI's atlas functions with this: @AfniEnv -set AFNI_SUPP_ATLAS_DIR directoryname If you find the atlases and templates useful, please cite using the references includedin whereami -show_atlases |
Registration and Download
Note that the SUIT-MRICro version of the probabilistic atlas comes with the new release (v. 2.4) of the SUIT toolbox.
The SUIT toolbox distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License, meaning that it can be freely used for non-commercial purposes, as long as proper attribution in form of acknowledgments and links (for online use) or citations (in publications) are given. The relevant references are:
Probabilistic atlas for cerebellar lobules
- Diedrichsen, J., Balsters, J. H., Flavell, J., Cussans, E., & Ramnani, N. (2009).A probabilistic atlas of the human cerebellum. Neuroimage.46(1), 39-46.
Probabilistic atlas and normalisation for deep cerebellar nuclei
- Diedrichsen, J., Maderwald, S., Kuper, M., Thurling, M., Rabe, K., Gizewski, E. R., et al. (2011).Imaging the deep cerebellar nuclei: A probabilistic atlas and normalization procedure.Neuroimage. 54(3), 1786-1794.
A useful and easy to understand application developed to function as a medical imaging tool, allowing you to analyze scans or other similar files
MRIcron is a user-friendly and efficient piece of software which aims to assist you in viewing medical imagery with multiple layering, supporting HDR, NII and VOI formats, thus enabling you to analyze scans, X-rays and other similar files with minimal effort.
Benefits of using portable tools
Following the download process, you can decompress the archive and launch the application straight away, as it is not necessary to install it on your computer for it to function.
As such, you can store MRIcron on a USB stick or other portable storage devices, and carry it with you wherever you go, running it on all compatible systems, at work or at home, without a problem.
Simple and approachable interface
The interface of MRIcron is sufficiently easy to handle, which means you do not need a lot of prior experience in order to use it. The main toolbar features all the components that you may want to use, like the ‘Toggle Crosshairs’, ‘Pen Tool’ or ‘Fill Tool’.
In addition, the program provides you with several menus, for instance ‘Overlay’, ‘Draw’, ‘View’ or ‘Edit’ that enable you to adjust the display of the medical images, and analyze the areas that are of interest to you.
Load your image and choose the view mode
MRIcron allows you to open the document you need from the ‘File’ menu, loading it into the main window and letting you view it on the X, Y and Z axes, in three different panels. The available view modes are ‘Axial’, ‘Coronal’, ‘Sagittal’ or ’Multiple’.
Using your mouse cursor, you can move around the picture and adjust it in order to access and analyze a certain layer. Moreover, MRIcron offers you a ‘MultiSlice’ function that creates individual photos for various sections of the medical image, rendering them in a queue to help you compare them more swiftly.
Handy DICOM viewer
To sum it up, MRIcron is a reliable and easy to use utility that you can resort to when you need to work with scans, X-rays and other similar medical images, allowing you to complete your analysis in a fraction of the time.
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MRIcron 4
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